ADOS-2 (Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule – 2) is a standardized observational tool for assessing behaviors associated with autism spectrum disorder. It is considered one of the key diagnostic tools (the “gold standard”) in the ASD assessment process. It can be used in children from approx. 12. months of age, as well as in adolescents and adults.

ADOS-2 diagnostic process

1. Diagnostic interview and initial assessment The first stage is a meeting with the parents or guardians (in the case of children) or with the person being examined (in the case of adolescents and adults). The specialist conducts a detailed interview regarding development, functioning and reported difficulties. In the case of children, information is additionally collected from guardians regarding their behaviour in various environments (home, school). Clinical questionnaires may also be used to support the diagnostic process.
2. ADOS-2 Clinical Observation The main element of the study is standardized clinical observation conducted by a trained specialist. During the examination, ADOS-2 modules are used, covering tasks and social situations, which allow for the assessment of: * verbal and non-verbal communication, * quality of social interactions, * behaviors and activity patterns, * the presence of repetitive behaviors and restricted interests.
   The study is structured in nature but is based on natural diagnostic interaction.
3. Analysis of results and diagnostic conclusions Based on the observations and the collected interview, the specialist performs a clinical analysis and formulates diagnostic conclusions. The results are discussed during a debriefing meeting.
4. Further diagnostic procedures If necessary, the diagnostic process may be supplemented with additional psychological tools and multidisciplinary assessment. The final diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder is made as part of a comprehensive clinical diagnosis, most often by a psychiatrist, based on full diagnostic documentation. ASD diagnosis should be comprehensive and multi-stage, and ADOS-2 is one of the tools supporting the process of assessing the functioning of the examined person and planning further therapeutic support.